Primer database
vascular endothelial growth factor A
Rattus norvegicus
Sequences
Forward (5′→3′)
GTGACAAGCCAAGGCGGTGAGReverse (5′→3′)
GATGGTGGTGTGGTGGTGACATGAmplicon
113 bp
estimated from mapping
Primer Tm (°C)
| Conditions | Forward | Reverse | Average | Δ F/R |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| qPCR master mix | 67.7 | 67.2 | 67.5 | 0.5 |
| Primer-BLAST default | 64.1 | 63.8 | 63.9 | 0.3 |
qPCR master mix: Owczarzy 2004/2008 · 250 nM primer · 50 mM Na⁺ · 3 mM Mg²⁺ · 0.8 mM dNTP
Primer-BLAST default: SantaLucia 1998 salt corr. · 50 nM primer · 50 mM Na⁺ · 1.5 mM Mg²⁺ · 0.6 mM dNTP
Bold, underlined base = 3′ end (polymerase extension point).
Primer QC
GC% · Forward
61.9%GC% · Reverse
56.5%Self-dimer ΔG · Fwd (any position)
-2.1 kcal/molSelf-dimer ΔG · Fwd (3′ end)
No duplex foundSelf-dimer ΔG · Rev (any position)
-1.9 kcal/molSelf-dimer ΔG · Rev (3′ end)
-1.9 kcal/molHeterodimer ΔG (F×R, any position)
-1.3 kcal/molHeterodimer ΔG (F×R, 3′ end)
0.5 kcal/molΔG at 37 °C · SantaLucia 1998 NN parameters · < −6 kcal/mol = significant dimer risk · "3′ end" is restricted to duplexes anchored at a primer's own 3′ terminal base (polymerase-extendable); "any position" is the most stable duplex anywhere in the primer. Estimated screening value. For comprehensive dimer analysis, validate with Primer3.
Source
Citation
Al-Romaima et al. 2022Genomic mapping
Each row is one transcript, aligned on a shared axis. A gap means that isoform skips this exonic region. Each row's box is drawn at that isoform's own real exon length, which can be narrower than the column (alternative splice site); hover a box for its exact size. A ~amber header bp means isoforms don't all agree on this region's boundary, while a plain header means they do. Navy blocks mark where the primers bind, and green (with a ✓ by the name) means this isoform has a confirmed working amplicon, not just exon overlap. A row with a “‹ exons” / “exons ›” hint instead of any box means that isoform's exons exist but sit outside the current scroll position (a truncated isoform or alternate transcription start site) — click the hint to jump to them. Click a row to load it below.
★ = Ensembl canonical transcript (reference model, not necessarily the most expressed isoform)
Showing: ENSRNOT00000097210
Off-target specificity
SpecificNo paired forward+reverse off-target amplicon found against nt (whole genome/transcriptome). Screen requires >=2 total mismatches including >=2 within the last 5bp at the 3' end to clear a hit (NCBI Primer-BLAST-style stringency); hits with >=6 total mismatches are dropped as implausible.
Efficiency measurements
Ideal range:Dilution series 1.90–2.10·LinRegPCR 1.70–1.90·unknown method: not scoredAnalyse your qPCR run with LinRegPCR efficiency correction and a MIQE 2.0 report.